The Booker Taliaferro Washington Society
Principle not Race
In the human experience we see people governed by
abstract ideas that are manifested and identified by actions. In other words
what they believe is shown by their works (Jam.2:18). In ancient times the gods
were identified with certain of these forces governing human actions and will.
But the true ideals are derived from the source of all righteousness and mercy,
Jesus Christ, the ideals by which we properly orient ourselves and gauge
ourselves and others. A person is good or evil relative to these abstract
ideals. (Rom.2:13-16, Heb.5:14) Certain people seem to embody these ideals in a
higher way than their fellows and peers and come to serve as an example or a
symbol of those qualities.
Booker T. Washington was a man who understood his time (1
Chr.12:32, Est.1:13) who embodied the principle of Christ to be “wise as
serpents, and harmless as doves” (Matt.10:16); a gift for America at the right
time. He seems to me to clearly be a symbol of integrity, determination and
steadfastness. Because these ideals are universal they will be respected by
anyone who is logical and honest; by anyone who is righteous. Who then cannot
respect such a man? Those with deviant and aberrant views of truth and reality.
Those whose mind and conscience is defiled (Tit.1:15).
Booker Taliaferro was born a slave in Hardy, Virginia. He was either born in April 1856 or as he recounts “As nearly as I have been able to learn, I was born near across-roads post-office called Hale’s Ford, and the year was 1858 or 1859. I do not know the month or the day.” (Up From Slavery- Ch.1 1st paragraph- read the book here.) His story is one worth hearing- and you can literally hear it here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rml0J0dSD-g
He gave himself the name Washington, a liberty he boasted
in. Pg.20 “The T. in Booker T. Washington stands for Taliaferro (locally
pronounced “Tolliver”), a relatively common surname in Maryland and Virginia.
The Taliaferro name itself can be traced to one Bartholomew Taliaferro, who
immigrated to London from Venice in the 1560s. Its meaning in Italian is “iron-cutter.”
An appropriate name for the man who demonstrated how to cut the iron of racial
discrimination through a strong and patient spirit.
His indefatigable determination to get educated (chapter 2), embodies the
principle we see in Proverbs 2:3-6- “Yea, if thou criest after knowledge, and
liftest up thy voice for understanding; If thou seekest her as silver, and
searchest for her as for hid treasures; Then shalt thou understand the fear of
the Lord, and find the knowledge of God. For the Lord giveth wisdom: out of his
mouth cometh knowledge and understanding.” And he did come to love the word of
God in his quest for understanding. He notes “Perhaps the most valuable thing
that I got out of my second year was an understanding of the use and value of
the Bible. Miss Nathalie Lord, one of the teachers, from Portland, Me., taught
me how to use and love the Bible. Before this I had never cared a great deal
about it, but now I learned to love to read the Bible, not only for the
spiritual help which it gives, but on account of it as literature. The lessons
taught me in this respect took such a hold upon me that at the present time,
when I am at home, no matter how busy I am, I always make it a rule to read a
chapter or a portion of a chapter in the morning, before beginning the work of
the day.” Pg.35-6 But he didn’t view an education as a road to avoid hard work,
and idea many former slaves (and people in general) were delighting themselves
with. “The ambition to secure an education was most praiseworthy and
encouraging. The idea, however, was too prevalent that, as soon as one secured
a little education, in some unexplainable way he would be free from most of the
hardships of the world, and, at any rate, could live without manual labour.”
Pg.42 He continued “…in many cases immoral men who claimed that they were
“called to preach.” In the earlier days of freedom almost every coloured man
who learned to read would receive “a call to preach” within a few days after he
began reading.” Pg. 43 Would to God this astute discernment were operating in
churches today (2 Pt.2:2). But Booker had not only realized the importance of
an education in general but in the wisdom and humility that comes with
self-discipline and practical skills and labor.
And the lessons he learned at the vocational school in Hampton from General Armstrong as a person and his teaching of practical skills prove invaluable to him. (pg.39) “At Hampton I not only learned that it was not a disgrace to labour, but learned to love labour, not alone for its financial value, but for labour’s own sake and for the independence and self-reliance which the ability to do something which the world wants done brings. At that institution I got my first taste of what it meant to live a life of unselfishness, my first knowledge of the fact that the happiest individuals are those who do the most to make others useful and happy.” (pg.39) Without wording these principles in economic terms he realized there the importance of the free market as a path out of poverty and destitution for the black community. Those successful are those who develop their skills (self-governance and independence) provide goods and services (division of labor) that are valuable to others (mutual benefit of market exchange) and thereby enriching oneself (private property). Washington lived and proved the truth of the free market economy. Even in a Jim Crow society not sufficiently just in upholding the equal legal representation to liberty and property and the pursuit of happiness. Not equality of outcome, but equality of access to operate in God given rights. The purpose of government being to insure these rights are protected. Unfortunately in many ways the government hampers free market exchange of private property as it did then for racial discriminatory reasons and as it does today for reasons of political favor.
Before Honour is Humility
(Prv.15:33, 18:12)
“My brethren, count it all joy when ye
fall into divers temptations; Knowing this, that the trying of your faith
worketh patience. But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be
perfect and entire, wanting nothing.” Jam.1:2-4 Coming from a perspective of
hard work and disadvantage one can grasp deep insights missed by privilege and
laziness. We can learn these things from these types of men or walk into
darkness blindly led astray as our narcissistic, greedy and lazy culture today.
“In later years, I confess that I do not
envy the white boy as I once did. I have learned that success is to be measured
not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles
which he has overcome while trying to succeed. Looked at from this standpoint,
I almost reach the conclusion that often the Negro boy’s birth and connection
with an unpopular race is an advantage, so far as real life is concerned. With
few exceptions, the Negro youth must work harder and must perform his task even
better than a white youth in order to secure recognition. But out of the hard
and unusual struggle through which he is compelled to pass, he gets a strength,
a confidence, that one misses whose pathway is comparatively smooth by reason
of birth and race. From any point of view, I had rather be what I am, a member
of the Negro race, than be able to claim membership with the most favoured of
any other race… I have been made to feel sad for such persons because I am
conscious of the fact that mere connection with what is known as a superior
race will not permanently carry an individual forward unless he has individual
worth, and mere connection with what is regarded as an inferior race will not
finally hold an individual back if he possesses intrinsic, individual merit. Every
persecuted individual and race should get much consolation out of the great
human law, which is universal and eternal, that merit, no matter under what
skin found, is, in the long run, recognized and rewarded.” Pg.23 Later in his
Madison address he affirmed “I said that the whole future of the Negro rested
largely upon the question as to whether or not he should make himself, through
his skill, intelligence, and character, of such undeniable value to the
community in which he lived that the community could not dispense with his
presence. I said that any individual who learned to do something better than
anybody else-learned to do a common thing in an uncommon manner- had solved his
problem, regardless of the colour of his skin, and that in proportion as the
Negro learned to produce what other people wanted and must have, in the same
proportion would he be respected.” pg.103”
The lack of difficulties and
self-reliance dwarfs peoples abilities and development. The old saying is true
‘religion gives birth to prosperity and the daughter destroys the mother’. When
people have privilege and no trouble they do not develop character and
independence. (Mk.4:19) This is rooted in the destructive nature of sin and
pride in man. Booker noted even in his early years the negative impact of
slavery upon the slave owners. “The slave system on our place, in a large
measure, took the spirit of self-reliance and self-help out of the white
people. My old master had many boys and girls, but not one, so far as I know,
ever mastered a single trade or special line of productive industry. The girls
were not taught to cook, sew, or to take care of the house. All of this was
left to the slaves.” “Ever since I have been old enough to think for myself, I
have entertained the idea that, notwithstanding the cruel wrongs inflicted upon
us, the black man got nearly as much out of slavery as the white man did. The
hurtful influences of the institution were not by any means confined to the
Negro. This was fully illustrated by the life upon our own plantation. The
whole machinery of slavery was so constructed as to cause labour, as a rule, to
be looked upon as a badge of degradation, of inferiority. Hence labour was
something that both races on the slave plantation sought to escape.” “The slave
owner and his sons had mastered no special industry. They unconsciously had
imbibed the feeling that manual labour was not the proper thing for them. On
the other hand, the slaves, in many cases, had mastered some handicraft, and
none were ashamed, and few unwilling, to labour”Pg.11-12. Washington observed
again “If one goes to-day into any Southern town, and asks for the leading and
most reliable coloured man in the community, I believe that in five cases out
of ten he will be directed to a Negro who learned a trade during the days of
slavery.”Pg.62 And when the Southern slaves were emancipated the inability and
lack of skill or desire for hard work of white slave owners caused many of them
great suffering and shame. Booker T. observed this first hand and concluded it
a positive advantage for the underprivileged blacks. He saw opportunity where
the proud and resentful saw oppression. This is the wisdom humility affords.
A Way Which Seemeth Right
(Prv.14:12)
The temptation in such difficulties and
trials is to look for the easiest way out but not always the wisest and most
prudent path. The Apostle Paul looking to escape the increasing distress and
turmoil mounting upon him prayed three times for this Satanic affliction to be
removed from him to which Christ responded: “My grace is sufficient for thee:
for my strength is made perfect in weakness.” Paul’s response demonstrates the
degree of power working in him: “Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in
my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me. Therefore I take
pleasure in infirmities, in reproaches, in necessities, in persecutions, in
distresses for Christ's sake: for when I am weak, then am I strong.” 2
Cor.12:7-10
The temptation to become dependent upon
government was there and is here today to be exploited by demagogues and
opportunists.
W.E.B. DuBois a notable black leader and educator (and
accomplished academician) eventually joined the criticism of Washington’s
approach to elevating the black people of his country. DuBois did not have the
vision and wisdom of Booker T., perhaps not having his same arduous rise from
slavery but instead a less discriminated upbringing and access to higher
education; even becoming the first black person to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard.
We will discuss this criticism further (coming post); but Washington did not
want his people to fall dependent upon the government but rather to forge their
own destiny through self-cultivation and character building through
Christianity. Note his survey at the time: “During the whole of the
Reconstruction period our people throughout the South looked to the Federal
Government for everything, very much as a child looks to its mother.” Pg.43
This was to be expected from newly freed illiterate slaves subject to
discrimination in the form of Jim Crow laws as he notes following this quote.
But this should not be a garb of victimization that should stop a man of
integrity and determination as Washington, who clearly blazed that trail for
his people in particular and all people generally. Don’t look elsewhere and far
off when crying for water but ‘cast down your bucket where you are’, as he
noted in his renowned Atlanta speech at the Cotton States and International
Exposition. “To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a
foreign land or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly
relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbor, I would
say: “Cast down your bucket where you are”— cast it down in making friends in
every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.
Cast it down in agriculture, mechanics, in commerce, in
domestic service, and in the professions. And in this connection it is well to
bear in mind that whatever other sins the South may be called to bear, when it
comes to business, pure and simple, it is in the South that the Negro is given
a man’s chance in the commercial world, and in nothing is this Exposition more
eloquent than in emphasizing this chance. Our greatest danger is that in the
great leap from slavery to freedom we may overlook the fact that the masses of
us are to live by the productions of our hands, and fail to keep in mind that
we shall prosper in proportion as we learn to dignify and glorify common
labour, and put brains and skill into the common occupations of life; shall
prosper in proportion as we learn to draw the line between the superficial and
the substantial, the ornamental gewgaws of life and the useful. No race can
prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in
writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top.
Nor should we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities.” Pg.111-2
Washington not only spoke these things but lived and
breathed them. Without a dollar and a leaky shack of a building he was expected
to build a school like the vocational school in Hampton Virginia; and now he
was up to such a daunting task. As Joseph (Gen.37) was at his stage of
development in the prison (39:22-3) not yet ruler over Egypt, so Washington was
beginning his prosperous effort in Tuskegee Alabama.
“I confess that what I saw during my
month of travel and investigation left me with a very heavy heart. The work to
be done in order to lift these people up seemed almost beyond accomplishing. I
was only one person, and it seemed to me that the little effort which I could
put forth could go such a short distance toward bringing about results. I
wondered if I could accomplish anything, and if it were worth while for me to
try. Of one thing I felt more strongly convinced than ever, after spending this
month in seeing the actual life of the coloured people, and that was that, in
order to lift them up, something must be done more than merely to imitate New
England education as it then existed. I saw more clearly than ever the wisdom
of the system which General Armstrong had inaugurated at Hampton. To take the
children of such people as I had been among for a month, and each day give them
a few hours of mere book education, I felt would be almost a waste of time.
After consultation with the citizens of Tuskegee, I set July 4, 1881, as the
day for the opening of the school in the little shanty and church which had
been secured for its accommodation.” Pg.61 “In the midst of all the difficulties
which I encountered in getting the little school started, and since then
through a period of nineteen years, there are two men among all the many
friends of the school in Tuskegee upon whom I have depended constantly for
advice and guidance; and the success of the undertaking is largely due to these
men, from whom I have never sought anything in vain. I mention them simply as
types. One is a white man and an ex-slaveholder, Mr. George W. Campbell; the
other is a black man and an ex-slave, Mr. Lewis Adams.” Pg.62 Almost in
metaphoric representation Booker stood between the former white aristocratic
South and the former slave as a mediator and unifying figure to lead out of the
labyrinth of discrimination, chaos and ruin the South lay in. They saw what he
was trying to do and they assisted every way they could, proving his
observation that merit would be recognized by decent people.
The Sluggard and the Diligent
(Prv.13:4)
Washington repeatedly battled the idea
that an education would make you above menial labor- which in a word is to say
“Knowledge puffeth up”. (1 Cor.8:1) This pride that comes from education is
destructive if not coupled with labor and humility that comes from the
realization of our limitations. It was critical to instill this into his students
and into the newly freed black community. He recalls “one of the saddest things
I saw during the month of travel which I have described was a young man, who
had attended some high school, sitting down in a one-room cabin, with grease on
his clothing, filth all around him, and weeds in the yard and garden, engaged
in studying a French grammar. The students who came first seemed to be fond of
memorizing long and complicated “rules” in grammar and mathematics, but had
little thought or knowledge of applying these rules to the everyday affairs of
their life.” Pg.63 “The students had come from homes where they had had no
opportunities for lessons which would teach them how to care for their bodies.
With few exceptions, the homes in Tuskegee in which the students boarded were
but little improvement upon those from which they had come. We wanted to teach
the students how to bathe; how to care for their teeth and clothing. We wanted
to teach them what to eat, and how to eat it properly, and how to care for their
rooms. Aside from this, we wanted to give them such a practical knowledge of
some one industry, together with the spirit of industry, thrift, and economy,
that they would be sure of knowing how to make a living after they had left us.
We wanted to teach them to study actual things instead of mere books alone.”
“The more we talked with the students, who were then coming to us from several
parts of the state, the more we found that the chief ambition among a large
proportion of them was to get an education so that they would not have to work
any longer with their hands.” Pg.65 He humorously adds this illustration of “a
story told of a coloured man in Alabama, who, one hot day in July, while he was
at work in a cotton-field, suddenly stopped, and, looking toward the skies,
said: “O Lawd, de cotton am so grassy, de work am so hard, and the sun am so
hot dat I b’lieve dis darky am called to preach!” Pg.66 Sadly this is the
mindset of so many filling the pulpits of American churches today. Jesus
labeled them as hirelings who do not care for the sheep. (Jn.10:12-13) Becoming
a pastor or minister is all for money and ease of life for all to many in our
day.
Booker was not an abstract ivory tower instructor but a
real man. He demonstrated in word and deed to the students and to us right now
what it means to “Cast down your bucket where you are”. “As soon as we got the
cabins in condition to be used, I determined to clear up some land so that we
could plant a crop. When I explained my plan to the young men, I noticed that
they did not seem to take to it very kindly. It was hard for them to see the
connection between clearing land and an education. Besides, many of them had
been school-teachers, and they questioned whether or not clearing land would be
in keeping with their dignity. In order to relieve them from any embarrassment,
each afternoon after school I took my axe and led the way to the woods. When
they saw that I was not afraid or ashamed to work, they began to assist with
more enthusiasm. We kept at the work each afternoon, until we had cleared about
twenty acres and had planted a crop.”Pg. 67 Chapter 10 recounts how they
constructed the school buildings themselves. When not having a brickyard in the
town they dug the clay and burned their own bricks, a notably difficult task
going through 3 kiln attempts before success. Bricks then became profitable to
the school and on the market were sought after even among whites not
particularly interested in the school. This reinforced his understanding of how
the free market would help eliminate discrimination. “The making of these
bricks taught me an important lesson in regard to the relations of the two
races in the South. Many white people who had had no contact with the school,
and perhaps no sympathy with it, came to us to buy bricks because they found
out that ours were good bricks. They discovered that we were supplying a real
want in the community. The making of these bricks caused many of the white
residents of the neighbourhood to begin to feel that the education of the Negro
was not making him worthless, but that in educating our students we were adding
something to the wealth and comfort of the community. As the people of the
neighbourhood came to us to buy bricks, we got acquainted with them; they
traded with us and we with them. Our business interests became intermingled. We
had something which they wanted; they had something which we wanted.” “In this
way pleasant relations between the races have been stimulated.” “My experience
is that there is something in human nature which always makes an individual
recognize and reward merit, no matter under what colour of skin merit is found.
I have found, too, that it is the visible, the tangible, that goes a long ways
in softening prejudices. The actual sight of a first-class house that a Negro
has built is ten times more potent than pages of discussion about a house that
he ought to build, or perhaps could build.” Pg 78-79 These empirical
observations strengthen his outlook: "I have had no patience with any
school for my race in the South which did not teach its students the dignity of
labour."- pg 38
Booker T. came away with the same spirit
of grace that the Apostle did. Note his words here: “But gradually, by patience
and hard work, we brought order out of chaos, just as will be true of any
problem if we stick to it with patience and wisdom and earnest effort.
As I look back now over that part of our struggle, I am glad that we had it. I am glad that we endured all those discomforts and inconveniences. I am glad that our students had to dig out the place for their kitchen and dining room. I am glad that our first boarding-place was in that dismal, ill-lighted, and damp basement. Had we started in a fine, attractive, convenient room, I fear we would have “lost our heads” and become “stuck up.” It means a great deal, I think, to start off on a foundation which one has made for one’s self.”Pg.82 And he succeeded in making the school self sufficient and profitable. (Reaching $1,700,000 upon writing- pg.159)
Unfortunately this firsthand
observational experience of the diminishing of discrimination and cultivating
character by free market operations was not to be accepted by other leading
black educators imbibed with new progressive ideas of socialism and its
anti-capitalist view of the world. Notably Marxism, conceived in theoretical and privileged places where conjecture
had no consequences and opinion was formed without evidence and indeed continues in face of contrary evidence. This utopian
socialist philosophy swept the world during the progressive era in that day and
is still alive and well today dismantling our own country before our eyes.
The Spirit of Christ
Booker T. approached the race problem
with an enlightened spirit of one who respects the word of God. He observed the
influence of Christianity and the fruit of the Spirit (Gal.5:22-3) upon the
civilized, drawing a quote from 1 Cor.9:27 “After considerable experience in
coming into contact with wealthy and noted men, I have observed that those who
have accomplished the greatest results are those who “keep under the body”; are
those who never grow excited or lose self-control, but are always calm,
self-possessed, patient, and polite.” Pg.93 Again with Robert C. Bedford the “white
man from Wisconsin, who was then pastor of a little coloured Congregational
church in Montgomery,” he recounts “In all my relations with him he has seemed
to me to approach as nearly to the spirit of the Master as almost any man I
ever met.”pg.81 And seeing the good effects of Christianity upon society he
notes “If no other consideration had convinced me of the value of the Christian
life, the Christlike work which the Church of all denominations in America has
done during the last thirty five years for the elevation of the black man would
have made me a Christian.”Pg.98 Observing the assistance the churches were
providing his endeavors he states that they “have helped to elevate the Negro
at so rapid a rate.” Pg.98 Tuskegee was an example of the operation of the
spirit of God working in the hearts of men in elevating society. “The school is
strictly undenominational, but it is thoroughly Christian, and the spiritual
training of the students is not neglected. Our preaching service,
prayer-meetings, Sunday school, Christian Endeavour Society, Young Men’s
Christian Association, and various missionary organizations, testify to
this.”Pg.102 When a person cultivates their own character and spirit in the
graces of Christian truth they become productive and valuable members of the
community respected on universal principles of “intrinsic, individual merit”.
“I have spoken of my admiration for General Armstrong, and yet he was but a
type of that Christlike body of men and women who went into the Negro schools
at the close of the war by the hundreds to assist in lifting up my race.”Pg.31
Christianity was and is the solution for race relations and any other social
issue as it changes the individual from within.
“In all my acquaintance with General
Armstrong I never heard him speak, in public or in private, a single bitter
word against the white man in the South. From his example in this respect I
learned the lesson that great men cultivate love, and that only little men
cherish a spirit of hatred. I learned that assistance given to the weak makes
the one who gives it strong; and that oppression of the unfortunate makes one
weak. It is now long ago that I learned this lesson from General Armstrong, and
resolved that I would permit no man, no matter what his colour might be, to
narrow and degrade my soul by making me hate him. With God’s help, I believe
that I have completely rid myself of any ill feeling toward the Southern white
man for any wrong that he may have inflicted upon my race. I am made to feel
just as happy now when I am rendering service to Southern white men as when the
service is rendered to a member of my own race. I pity from the bottom of my
heart any individual who is so unfortunate as to get into the habit of holding
race prejudice.”Pg.84-5 This internal development that Christianity produces is
necessary to change civilization. Booker noted “a conversation which I once had
with the Hon. Frederick Douglass. At one time Mr. Douglass was travelling in
the state of Pennsylvania, and was forced, on account of his colour, to ride in
the baggage-car, in spite of the fact that he had paid the same price for his
passage that the other passengers had paid. When some of the white passengers
went into the baggage-car to console Mr. Douglass, and one of them said to him:
“I am sorry, Mr. Douglass, that you have been degraded in this manner,” Mr.
Douglass straightened himself up on the box upon which he was sitting, and
replied: “They cannot degrade Frederick Douglass. The soul that is within me no
man can degrade. I am not the one that is being degraded on account of this
treatment, but those who are inflicting it upon me.” Pg.51 Solzhenitsyn
acquired this insight under similar slave conditions in the Soviet Gulags. He
recounted “maturing to similar thoughts” to those final words of Boris Kornfeld
a convert to Christianity himself, before his murder in the camps that same
early morning, when questioning why their torturers prosper. He concluded “the
meaning of earthy existence lies not, as we have grown to thinking, in prospering,
but … in the development of the soul. From that point of
view our torturers have been punished most horribly of all: they are turning
into swine, they are departing downward from humanity.” (The Gulag Archipelago-
pg.310-311) Without the preserving influence of real Christianity upon society
it will degenerate into the corrosive self-absorbed narcissism that we see
manifesting itself today.
Contrast the incoherent and inarticulate looters and clueless protestors
of our current hour with the integrity and acumen of a man like Booker T.
Washington. In desperate need to 16 dollars to return home and working at a
restaurant to earn it, he finds on the floor “a crisp, new ten-dollar bill.”
“As it was not my place of business I felt it to be the proper thing to show
the money to the proprietor. This I did. He seemed as glad as I was, but he
coolly explained to me that, as it was his place of business, he had a right to
keep the money, and he proceeded to do so. This, I confess, was another pretty
hard blow to me.” Pg.35 This speaks to his integrity, but a greater example of
integrity comes from an ex-slave who contracted with his owner to buy his own freedom.
He was permitted to find work where ever he could and so he left VA for better
wages in OH, “permitted to buy himself, by paying so much per year for his
body” (let that sink in). “When freedom came, he was still in debt to his
master some three hundred dollars. Notwithstanding that the Emancipation
Proclamation freed him from any obligation to his master, this black man walked
the greater portion of the distance back to where his old master lived in
Virginia, and placed the last dollar, with interest, in his hands. In talking
to me about this, the man told me that he knew that he did not have to pay the
debt, but that he had given his word to his master, and his word he had never
broken. He felt that he could not enjoy his freedom till he had fulfilled this
promise.”Pg.10 I wish the story had concluded with the owner refusing the
money, but it didn’t. Perhaps he later came to realize what a better man his
slave was than he.
How did we get so far from this kind of
integrity produced by the influence of Christianity? It would appear by the
distorting and corrupting of the true gospel of Christ into a mongrel “social
gospel” or abandoning the bible altogether for Marxist
and Darwinian worldviews. Socialism has come to wreck not
just most of the Black community, but possibly the hope of freedom in this
county as we watch politicians shamelessly promising to give away what they
didn’t earn. They can no longer even blush with the level of plunder they
propose. Some have characterized this destructive synergism of suffrage as an advanced
auction on stolen property.
We will explore next how we got here.
Stay tuned.
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